'permaculture'에 해당되는 글 4건

  1. 2011.11.18 Permaculture and Veganism
  2. 2011.11.16 국내 퍼머컬쳐 대학
  3. 2011.11.08 Permaculture diploma in Europe.
  4. 2011.11.07 유럽가는 길목과 유럽에 있는 공동체

Permaculture and Veganism

permaculture 2011. 11. 18. 22:49
Permaculture and Veganism Vegan Views 99 (Winter 2003/4)

Graham Burnett is vegan and a permaculturist. He writes booklets and holds courses on permaculture. He runs Land & Liberty, through which he sells permaculture booklets, T-shirts and posters. Interview by John Curtis.

What is permaculture?

Permaculture is a way of life. It shows us how to make the most of our resources by minimising waste and maximising potential. But living ecologically and sustainably doesn't mean giving everything up, it means relearning the value of nature, to understand new ways of being wealthy. Permaculture methods can be applied now, whether you are gardening, doing the shopping, looking after kids, going to work or building your own home. Permaculture is not about getting away from it all � it's about taking control of our lives, our individual needs and our common future.

Permaculture is a relatively new idea, the word being coined about 30 years ago. People in the UK began to grasp onto it around 1982.

People care features strongly in the UK permaculture movement. Perhaps this is because in Australia where permaculture originated, there's lots of land but not many people. Here it's the opposite � we tend to live on top of each other, so community care features more strongly.

Permaculture borrows from the environmentalist three R's phrase: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Permaculture also adds a fourth: Re-think � designing systems that use less energy in the first place.

How does permaculture differ from organic farming?

Permaculture is a complete design system. It includes many elements, for example architecture, agro-forestry, green economics, land design, design of cities, and intelligent design of the countryside. It integrates them, bringing them all together holistically rather than separating them.

Organic farming tends to look at farming in isolation. Organic farming is a good thing � a progression from industrialised farming, but is only one part of creating systems for good food and good living. Many other aspects of how we live are not very earth friendly, eg, transport, buildings, health care. A lot of organic farming systems aren't that different from conventional systems � they are still dominating rather than working with nature, which is what permaculture is all about.

Organic farming is a growth sector but is very economics led, so is quite limited. Soil Association standards are very black and white, you're either organic or not, there's no middle ground. Yet there's a two or three year conversion period from conventional to organic. We need a half-way house. Permaculture groups are discussing permaculture standards � earth friendly food production but which doesn't necessarily conform to Soil Association standards.

Is the distinction that permaculture is a hobby, whereas organic farming is a profession?

No. Many people are making a living from permaculture practices. A lot of people are applying permaculture to their own land, and there are many small businesses that follow permaculture principles and ethics.

What are 'Zones' in permaculture design?

Permaculture introduces the concept of 'zones', the closest to the home being where human activity and need for attention is most concentrated, and the furthest where there is no need for intervention at all. Zone 0 is in the home, where you could implement energy-efficient cooking and storage of food, and design an ergonomic kitchen layout. Zone 1 is the part of your back garden near the back door, where you put your compost bin and also grow frequently-used crops such as salad leaves. Zone 2 is further into your back garden which needs slightly less attention, where you might grow fruit bushes and trees. Zone 3 is further away still, perhaps an allotment where you could grow root crops that need even less attention. Zone 4 is semi-wild, for example coppice managed woodland used for forage and gathering other wild foods and timber, whilst zone 5 is the wilderness, where there is no human intervention apart from the observation of natural eco-systems and cycles.

Can a person be a permaculturist without being involved in growing?

Yes. The permaculture design principles and ethics of earth care, people care and fair shares apply to any aspect of being human.

You've explained the theory. Could you give some practical examples?

In run-down urban towns or inner cities or even in the country, starting LETS systems (Local Exchange Trading Systems, which enables people to share skills and goods on a local level using a local currency rather than sterling), organic allotments & community gardens are good examples of self-help.

Permaculture is also about turning problems into solutions. A while ago I had ugly piles of rubble and top-soil at opposite ends of the garden. So I brought them together to make a beautiful herb spiral. Other practical small steps might be to sprout beans in your kitchen or recycle waste.

When and why did you go vegan?

I went vegetarian in 1977 because I didn't like the taste or texture of meat. I later became more aware of animal cruelty and the practices used in dairy farming, and went vegan in 1984. I also became involved in animal rights, including hunt sabbing, around this time.

How does veganism fit in with permaculture?

Permaculture abhors factory farming, the way milk and eggs are produced on a massive level, but many permaculturists do keep goats and livestock. This is one of the healthy debates in permaculture, and vegans are not a lone voice. Catering at permaculture events tends to be vegan oriented. Lots of veggie/vegan permaculture events are advertised in Permaculture magazine, and in vegan magazines too. There's a lot of tolerance in permaculture towards vegans from non-vegans and vice versa. Both camps respect one another. There's quite a diversity of views.

Veganism seems to be more widespread in the UK permaculture movement than it is in other countries. It does seem to be one of the directions we've taken over here.

In what ways do you try to encourage veganism in permaculture?

I give the vegan perspective in my books and articles but try to remain non-judgemental. People can make up their own minds. When running courses I do try to be non-biased. My forthcoming book is a vegan permaculture recipe book. I also wrote an article in Permaculture magazine a while ago, about how I try to put permaculture concepts into my everyday life, one of which for me is being vegan, since it reduces my ecological footprint. This was a little controversial to some readers, but I also received a lot of support for what I was saying.

Does permaculture emphasise self-sufficiency?

More self-reliance than self-sufficiency. Self sufficiency to me conjures up an image of rugged individualism, someone slightly right-wing and survivalist. You would have to do all of your own building and grow all of your food, etc. But what if you're ill? Self-reliance is where you rely on yourself but you have a network of people to help you out � the group itself aims to be self-sufficient. In the UK, permaculturists tend to be more interested in networking than just looking after themselves. To me, that's about the people-care side of permaculture.

Tell me about Land and Liberty, the organisation that you run.

I've been doing punk fanzines since the late 70s. I started Land and Liberty (www.spiralseed.co.uk) in the early 90s with the first booklet that I wrote: "Well Fed not an Animal Dead". I used Land and Liberty as a distribution for the booklet. Things died a death after a while, but then I wrote the "Permaculture for Beginners" guide, which resurrected Land and Liberty. The name comes from a book by Ricardo Magon that I read on the Mexican revolution which was called "Tierra y Libertad", which translates to Land and Liberty. I'm in the process of changing the name to Spiral Seed since there's another organisation called Land and Liberty and this causes confusion. The spiral figures a lot in permaculture � the spiral pattern occurs in galaxies, shells, and in the leaf formation of some plants. Seed emphasises the potential of future.

We also have T-shirts. They are made by Sunrise Screenprint www.menmuir.org.uk/sunrise, Tel: 01356 660430. This co-operative is vegan, environmental, and use non-bleached organic, fair trade materials. Their prices are reasonable, they are reliable, and they can do designs or you can supply your own designs. I strongly recommend them to groups that need T-shirts printed.

I also strongly recommend Footprint Workers Co-op in Leeds. www.footprinters.co.uk, Tel: 0113 262 4408. They do my printing. They are very reasonably priced, very ethically based, all paper is re-cycled, and they use eco-friendly inks.

When did you start your permaculture courses?

The courses are run by Ron Bates and me. The first one was a 2-day course in 1998, through the local LETS scheme, which fitted well with the essence of permaculture. We later ran a Vegan Organic course in Southend.

I gained a diploma in permaculture in September 2001, and last year we ran two permaculture courses at Dial House in Essex � one in May and one in August. The one in August was less well attended, and people have since advised us not to run a course in August since many people are on holiday.

I hear that you have a few allotments.

I've got a back garden and three allotments. Two of the allotments are for vegetables. I'm the secretary of my allotment committee, which is ironic since for years I was told off by the committee for having too many weeds! Things are changing though. The out-dated image of allotments came from the war and post war period. There's now a younger energy coming in. My third allotment is in Leigh, three miles away, committed to creating a forest garden with fruit bushes, apple trees, etc.

Do you dig?

I dig a bit but keep it to a minimum. Digging does have some benefit since I have heavy clay soil and bindweed infestation. Digging is just one option of many.

You've got lots of things on � three allotments, a garden Land & Liberty, Permaculture, courses, a job and children. How do you fit everything in?

My kids and partner are a bit interested, although not in gardening. We are an all-vegan family, living as environmentally as practical. I try to keep things balanced. My partner is a child minder. I'm a day centre officer for adults with learning disabilities.

Any future plans?

I'm writing a permaculture cookbook, with vegan recipes and articles about permaculture. All my previous booklets I've published myself, but this will hopefully be published by Permanent Publications, the publishers of Permaculture magazine. They are supportive of the vegan ideals � they take lots of copies of my "Well Fed not an Animal Dead" booklet.

Our thanks to Graham Burnett for the interview, and for telling us about Footprint Workers Co-op who print some of Graham's materials, and who now print Vegan Views magazine.

Graham and Ron Bates hold regular permaculture courses � see their website at www.spiralseed.co.uk for details.

Related Vegan Views articles...
Cross-reference: Growing Fruit & Veg


저작자표시 (새창열림)
:

국내 퍼머컬쳐 대학

permaculture 2011. 11. 16. 09:47
 

국내 작년에 시작한 퍼머컬쳐 대학 
강의하시는 임경수님의 글

퍼머컬처와 생태농장가꾸기


임경수

(주) 이장 대표이사


들어가며

나는 한 달에 5-6회 정도, 지역의 농업기술센터나 농촌마을로 농촌 주민들에게 강의를 하러 다닌다. 이 자리에서 나 스스로를 바보라고 이야기하곤 한다. 그리 길지는 않지만 내가 살아온 궤적을 더듬다 보면 이건 영락없는 바보이기 때문이다. 어쩌면 다른 학자처럼 한 가지 연구만 하고 한 분야에서 일했다면 아마 바보소리도 안 들었을 것이고 내 스스로도 바보라고 생각하지 않았을 것이다. 그러나 공학에서 환경학으로, 환경학에서 농학으로 전공을 바꾸고  이제는 학술연구는 뒷전에 둔채, 농업현장에서 농민들과 함께 뒹굴다 보니 지난 세월이 바보같기만 하다.


공학에서 환경학으로, 그리고 유기농업으로

80년대 초반 나는 대학에 들어갔다. 중학교 시절 보이스카웃 활동을 했던 나는 산에서 쓰레기 비닐봉투 줏는 일이 싫어 자연적으로 분해되는 비닐봉투를 만들면 좋겠다 싶어 공업화학과에 입학을 했다. 그러나 그  당시 대학은 환경문제를 고민할 수 있는 상황이 아니었다. 경찰들이 학교를 들어와 진을 치기 일수였고 함께 일하는 동료들은 감옥에 가거나 생명을 맞바꾸며 무언가를 이야기하려 하였다. 환경문제에 관심을 갖는다는 것은 일종의 사치였다. 그래서 나도 주로 대학본부 잔디밭이나 담배연기 자욱한 써클룸에서 보내는 시간이 많았다.

 

그저 그렇게 대학 4년이 지나갔다. 사명감이 투철한 이는 노동현장으로 갔고 어떤 이는 취직을 했고 어떤 이는 대학원에 진학을 했다. 나는 노동현장에 갈 만한 자신도 없었고 취직하기도 싫었으며 대학원에 진학해서 다이어트용 감미료, 자외선 차단섬유를 만드는 것도 내키지 않았다. 그래서 어릴 적 꿈을 다시 떠올렸다. 다행히 우리 학교에는 환경공부를 하는 전문적인 대학원이 있었다. 그리고 막연한 기대감이 있었다.

 

대학원 생활은 정말 재미있었다. 지겹기만 하던 공학책과 달리 환경에 관련된 책은 재미있었고 실험실을 떠나 산으로 들로 나가서 하는 일이 신나기만 했다. 대기오염에 관한 논문을 쓰고 석사학위를 받던 날, 갑자기 허무한 생각이 들었다. 오랫동안 생각했던 목표가 달성된 탓이라 생각했다. 그 허무감이 오래가면서 내가 공부한 것이 허무했다는 것을 깨달았다. 내가 한 공부는 환경문제를 근본적으로 해결해주지 못하는 것이었다. 대기오염 현상을 근본적으로 해결하기보다는 사후약방문적인 처방을 할 뿐이었다. 

 

다시 고민이 시작되었다. 처음에는 환경교육에 집중했다. 환경문제라는 것은 사람이 만드는 것이고 사람이 바뀐다면 문제의 해결점이 보이지 않을까 해서였다. 환경교육과 관련해서 이런 저런 생각을 하게 되었다. 여러 가지 상상을 하다가 농촌 아이들과 도시 아이들에게 똑같은 환경교육을 하게 하면 그 차이는 어떨까 하는 생각을 하게 되었다. 나는 그 물음을 내 스스로 만들어놓고 내게 놀라고 있었다. 서울에서 태어나 서울에서 자랐고 20년이 넘게 농업이나 농촌에 아무런 관심도 없던 나를 그 물음이 농업과 농촌으로 끌어당기고 있었다.

 

내가 손쉽게 농업과 농촌을 접할 수 있는 방법은 책이었다. 서점에서 농업과 농촌에 관한 책을 사서 읽기 시작했다. 책에서 내게 주는 메시지는 온통 ‘절망’뿐이었다. 그 동안 농업정책은 심하게 왜곡되어 있었고 농촌은 피폐되어 있었으며 농심은 이미 농촌에 없었다. 더구나 농산물 개방이라는 암초가 놓여있었다. 몇몇 학자들이 주장한 농업의 회생방법은 그다지 마음속에 다가오지 않았다.

 

그 즈음 내가 활동하고 있던 환경동아리 ‘초록바람’에서 여름캠프를 준비하게 되었다. 나는 농촌으로 가자고 주장했다. 동아리 회원들과 농촌의 중요성에 대해 함께 공감하고 나 자신도 현장에서 확인하고 싶었기 때문이다. 회원 중에 한 명이 유기농업을 하고 있는 곳으로 가자고 했다. 유기농업....3박4일의 초록바람 유기농업 캠프에서 나는 새로운 희망을 보았다.  어려운 조건에서도 환경과 사람을 살리겠다고 묵묵히 유기농업을 고집하고 노력하고 있는 유기농 생산자들을 만나면서 농업과 농촌을 살리고 더 나아가 환경문제를 근본적으로 해결할 수 있는 실마리를 보았다.  


유기물 농업이 아닌 유기적인 농업으로

유기농업을 공부하기로 결심했다. 환경과 관련하여 유기농업에 접근하는 것이 좋겠다고 생각하여 농대에 새로 진학하기보다는 환경대학원 박사과정에 진학하였다. 대학원 입학 후 유기농업을 공부하겠다고 하니 지도교수, 선후배 할 것 없이 뜯어말렸다. 하지만 이미 대기오염과 관련한 책들은 내 눈에 들어오지 않았다. 이미 나는 유기농업에 관한 책은 한번 잡으면 밤새워 읽어야 하는 중병을 앓고 있었던 것이다.

 

나는 유기농업의 개념과 역사를 더듬기 시작했다. 1700년대 후반, 자연은 하나의 거대한 체계이며 농부는 그 체계를 진화시키는 역할을 하고 있다는 관점을 견지하던 Thomas Jefferson, 토양중의 박테리아에 관심을 가지고 ‘흙은 살아있다’고 주장하던 Rodale, 독일의 철학자인 Rolf Steiner(1861-1925)의 생명동태 농업(Bio-Dyanamic Agriculture), 영국의  Albert G. Howard (1873-1947)의 『농업성전(Agricultural Testament, 1940)』, 일본의 후쿠오까 마사노부의 사무농법(四無農法, 혹은 자연농법), 고다니 준이치의 애농회(愛農會), 우리나라의 정농회와 한 살림 등에 관한 책과 자료를 보았다.

 

기본적으로 유기농업은 생태계에 영향을 미치지 않는 재료를 사용하기 때문에 환경영향이 최소화된다. 하지만 생태계는 보호되고 안정한 농산물을 만들 수는 있어도 농업과 농촌을 살리는 대안도 유기농업일 수 있을까. 이는 유기농업을 유기물질을 사용하는 농업이라는 개념에서 벗어날 때 가능하다. 우리는 흔히 유기적이라는 말을 쓴다. 유기적이라는 말은 구성요소가 잘 조직되어 있어서 하나 더하기 하나가 둘이 아니라 둘 이상이 되었을 때 사용하는 말이다. 예를 들어, 모든 생명체는 유기적으로 구성되어 있어 둘이 아니라 둘 이상이 된다. 즉 우리 몸을 나누면 여러 가지 장기로 나눌 수 있지만 우리 몸은 장기의 단순한 집합을 넘어서 생명현상을 만들어내게 된다. 이런 개념에서 볼 때 유기농업은 우선 땅을 유기적으로 만드는 일이다. 땅에는 흙, 수분, 영양분, 미생물, 곤충이 어우러져 살고 있다. 이런 모든 것들이 마치 한 생명체처럼 활동하도록 만드는 것이 유기농업이다. 그러면 조금만 토양을 헤치면 각종 곰팡이들로 구수한 냄새가 나고 개미, 굴파리, 응애 등이 분주하게 기어다닐 것이다. 여기서 개념을 조금 더 넓혀보자. 땅을 벗어난다면 농장을 유기체처럼 만들 수 있다. 축사에서는 거름이 만들어지고 그 거름이 논과 밭에 들어가고 그러한 과정에서 농부는 충분한 보상으로 보람을 가지고 농사를 짓는다. 한 걸음 더 나아가 보자. 농장을  흐르는 개울 속에는 고기들이 헤엄치고 조그만 뒷산에는 작은 새가 지저귀며 자연의 풍성함을 나눠준다. 마지막으로 이제 유기농산물을 먹는 소비자가 농장을 찾아온다. 생산자와 눈인사를 나누고 팔을 걷어붙이고 논으로 들어가 피를 뽑는다. 저녁이면 모깃불이 피어나는 마당에서 농부와 함께 막걸리를 먹으며 이런 저런 세상이야기를 나눌 때 아이들이 요란을 떠며 모깃불가에서 뛰어논다. 그렇다. 진정한 유기농업은 흙과 농장, 주변환경뿐만 아니라 소비자까지 하나의 생명체가 되는 농업인 것이다. 

 

그 개념에 실마리가 있었다. 유기농업이 단순히 유기물질을 사용하면서 식품의 안정성만 높이려는  농업이 아니라 농업과 농촌을 되살리고 더 나아가 환경과 생태계를 보전하면서 사회의 새로운 대안으로 자리잡을 수 있는 방법은 도시와 농촌이 하나가 되는, 생산자와 소비자가 하나가 되는 것이었다. .


유기농업에서 생태마을로

박사학위 논문을 쓰기 위해 충북의 유기농가들을 일주일에 한번씩 방문하여 농부들과 인터뷰를 하고 논에서 여러 가지 실험을 하였다. 그 때까지 나는 누구나 하기 쉬운 유기농업 기술을 개발하면 내가 바라는 것이 이루어질 것이라 생각하였다. 그러나 그 생각은 이내 잘 못되었다는 것을 알았다. 기술개발을 할 수 있는 사람은 내가 아니라 현장에서 일을 하고 있는 농부들이었다.  더욱이 농업기술은 보편적이고 일반적인 기술이라기 보다 토착적이고 지역적인 기술이다. 이러한 농업기술의 특수성을 뛰어넘는 보편적이고 일반적인 기술을 개발한다는 것은 애초 불가능한 일이었다. 

 

박사학위는 받았지만 내가 할 일이 없었다. 다시 고민이 시작되었다. 결론은 유기농산물을 팔리게 하는 것이었다. 유기농산물이 잘 팔리기만 한다면 많은 사람들이 유기농업으로 전환할 것이고 자연스럽게 더 나은 농산물을 더 쉽게 생산하기 위한 기술도 개발될 것이었다. 증산정책에 혈안이 된 정부의 갖은 탄압 속에서도, 인건비에도 못 미치는 가격에도 불구하고 종교, 가치관에 따라 묵묵히 유기농업을 지켜온 생산자들의 이야기를 전달해줄 수만 있다면 소비자들이 유기농산물을 사줄 것이라 생각했다. 인터넷을 활용하기로 했다. 환경사업 공모에 당선되어 비용도 마련했다. 일년동안 전국의 100여명의 유기농 생산자들을 만나 그들의 이야기를 쉽게 접할 수 있는 인터넷 싸이트도 만들었다. 그 이름이 인터넷 이장이었다. 사이버 공간에 가상 유기농 마을을 만들고 생산자들을 소비자와 연결하는 마을이장의 역할을 내가 하겠다는 생각이었다.

 

홈페이지는 구축되었지만 생각만큼 유기농산물이 잘 팔리지는 않았다. 그 이유는 농산물을 판매에 있어서 농산물을 품질과 정보도 중요하지만 물류가 중요하다는 것을 몰랐기 때문이었다. 유기농산물의 경우 생산자와 소비자가 제 각기 공간적으로 흩어져 있어 물류를 효율화하는 것이 거의 불가능하였다. 인터넷 이장에서 소비자들이 원하는 유기농산물을 구입하고 싶어도 전라도에서 한 물건, 경상도에서 한 물건 구입해야 했고 그 과정에서 농산물 가격보다 유통비용이 더 많이 들어가는 경우가 허다하였다.

 

새로운 방식이 필요했다. 다수의 생산자들이 다양한 생산물을 모아 소비들에게 공급할 수 있는 체계를 만든다면 해결 가능성이 보였다. 생산자들을 모을 수 있는 가장 적절한 공간이 어디일까 고민하였다. 내가 찾아낸 것은 바로 마을이었다. 마을에서 주민들이 함께 다양한 작물을 유기농업으로 전환하고 소비자들은 한 마을을 고향 삼아 농산물도 사먹고 주말이나 휴가철에 찾아갈 수 있다면 이는 내가 바라던, 진정한 유기농업이 되는 방법이었다. 그래서 호주로 갔다. 호주에는 퍼머컬쳐(Permaculture)라는 생태마을을 계획하고 설계하는 방법을 가르쳐주는 교육과정이 있었다. 두 주간의 교육과정을 포함하여 한 달간의 호주 체류었지만 내가 앞으로 해야 할 일이 무엇인지, 어떻게 해야하는지 많은 것들을 알게 해주었다. 호주에서 돌아와 지금은 우리나라 농촌마을을 생태마을로 발전시키는 일을 하고 있다. 처음에는 자원봉사로, 아르바이트 삼아 시작하였다. 이제는 대학원 후배들과 환경동아리 초록바람 친구들을 중심으로 모인 직원 30명이 우리나라 농업과 농촌을 살리겠다는 사명감으로, 우리보다는 우리의 아이들의 미래를 생각하며 열심히 일하는 회사가 되어 있다.


끝내며... 지역운동으로

글을 시작하며 이야기했듯이 나는 바보같이 살아왔다. 일관된 한 가지 분야에서만 일을 하지 못했다. 이제 마을일에서 한계를 느낀다. 한 마을이 잘 가꾸어진다고 해서 생태마을이 만들어지지 않았다. 마을을 넘어서 지역 내의 인적, 물적 자원이 있어야 하고 이 자원을 잘 연결할 수 있는 시스템이 만들어져야 가능하다는 것을 최근에야 알았다. 호주를 방문했을 때 크리스탈 워터즈라는 생태마을 인근 도시에 각종 협동조합과 지역화폐 등 다양한 지역경제를 떠받치고 있는 시스템이 있었던 이유를 이제야 깨달은 것이다. 최근에는 그런 지역 시스템을 어떻게 구축할 수 있을까를 고민하고 있다. 그래서 작년 8월 충남 서천으로 이사를 했다. 하지만 나의 이런 좌충우돌 생활을 후회하지는 않는다. 내가 이렇게 바보 짓을 했기 때문에 이런 일을 해 올 수 있지 않았을까 하는 생각도 해본다. 그래서 앞으로 내가 또 다시 저지를지 모르는  바보 짓이 그렇게 두렵지만은 않다.




<참고> 크리스탈워터즈와 퍼머컬처


1. 크리스탈 워터즈 생태마을


    크리스탈 워터즈는 1965년 일단의 전문가들이 259ha(약 80만평)에 조성한 생태마을이다. 이 지역은 목축을 위해 삼림을 베고 초지를 조성했다가 생태계가 파괴된 광활한 구릉지였다. 땅을 구입한 후 적절한 토지이용계획을 구상하였는데 0.5ha(약 1500평, 전체면적의 14%) 규모의 83개로 나누어진 대지와 회합, 교육, 생태관광 사업, , 방문자 숙소, 가내수공업 등에 이용하는 공동체 공간 15ha(4만5천평)을 제외하고는 대부분 토지를 농경지, 삼림, 소하천으로 보전하거나 새롭게 조성하게 된다. 이러한 전체 토지이용계획 과정에 깊게 참여한 사람은 세계적으로 유명한 생태설계자인 맥스(Max O Lindegger)인데 현재 이 마을에 거주하고 있다. 

 

    이 곳에는 호주 뿐만이 아니라 전세계에서 이주한 다양한 사람들이 살고 있다. 이 곳을 설계한 맥스, 생태전문교육기관인 SEED(Sustainability education and ecological Design)에서 일하는 모랙과 이반(Morag Gamble, Evan Raymond)를 비롯하여 전업농, 재택근무자, 농자재 판매업자, 예술가 등이 각자 자신의 직업을 가지고 살아가고 있다. 이 마을에 살기 위해서는 몇 가지 원칙을 지켜야 하는데 자신의 주거환경을 퍼머컬쳐에 의거하여 조성해야 하고 마을내의 야생동물과 생태계를 보호해야 한다. 이러한 새로운 형태의 주거형태와 공동체적 생활양식이 전 지구적인 생태환경위기를 헤쳐나갈 수 있는 대안으로서 자리잡게 했다는 선구자적 업적으로 인해 1995년 UN에서 세계주거단지상(World Habitat Award)를 받기도 했다.


2. 퍼머컬쳐 디자인


    퍼머컬쳐는 permanent(영구적인)와 cultivation(경작) 혹은 culture(문화)의 합성어로  호주의 빌 모리슨이 보다 생태적인 방법으로 농사를 짓고 농장을 경영하며 더 나아가 의식주를 비롯한 모든 생활을 지속가능하게 만들어 궁극적으로 영구히 살아남을 수 있는 인류문화를 만들고자 시도하고 있는 방법론을 일컫는 말이다. 퍼머컬쳐에 대해 크리스탈 워터 공동체에서 펴낸 교재는 다음과 같이 설명하고 있다.

 

    “퍼머걸쳐는 작은 발코니에서 농장에 이르기까지, 도시에서 야생지에 이르기까지 적용할 수 있는 실용적인 개념이다. 퍼머컬쳐를 통해 사람들로 하여금 사람들의 생활을 유지해주는 식량, 에너지, 집, 물질, 서비스 생산할 수 있는 환경과 제반 기반구조를 만들 수 있다.  퍼머컬쳐는 우리 주변의 환경과 자원에 대해 사려깊게 생각하고 어떻게 우리들의 필요를 충족시킬 것인가를 고민하는 것이다. 퍼머컬쳐의 목적은 우리 세대 뿐만 아니라 미래의 세대를 지속가능하게 하는 시스템을 만드는 것이다.”

 

    퍼머컬쳐을 실행하기 위해서는 무엇이든 세심한 관찰을 필요로 한다. 즉 닭장을 만들기 위해서는 닭의 습성, 닭이 살아가는데 필요한 것, 닭이 생산하는 것 등을 꼼꼼하게 관찰하고 기록해두어야 한다. 그래서 닭의 습성에 알맞고 가급적 농장에서 나오는 것으로 닭에게 필요한 것을 공급하고 닭으로부터 나오는 것을 농장에서 이용할 수 있게 만드는 것이다. 이렇게 구성요소가 에너지를 적게 쓰면서 연결될 수 있게 설계하고 관리하는 것이 퍼머컬쳐의 핵심이다. 즉 닭장은 집과 가까워야 사람이 먹은 음식쓰레기를 닭에게 먹일 수 있고 채소 밭과 가까우면 닭이 채소밭의 곤충을 먹을 수 있게 된다. 한편 닭똥을 이용하기 위해 퇴비장과 닭장이 가까운 것이 좋고 닭장과 온실을 붙여 짓게 되면 겨울철 온실 난방비를 닭의 체온 덕분으로 절약할 수도 있다. 이러한 계획과정은 구역계획(Zonning)으로 체계화된다. 집과 가까운 쪽에 관리를 많이 해야 하는 축사, 퇴비장, 텃밭 등을 위치시켜 상호관련성을 증대하고 먼 지역일수록 관리가 덜한 과수, 조림지 등을 위치시키는 방법이 바로 구역계획이다.

 

    퍼머컬쳐가 농장설계와 운영에서부터 시작하였기 때문에 구역계획, 토양관리, 작물관리 등 농장과 연관되는 분야가 많기는 하지만 건축, 수자원 관리, 도시 공동체 운영, 지역경제의 활성화, 공동체 복원 등 지속가능한 사회를 향한 다양한 개념들과 방법을 퍼머컬쳐라는 개념하에 통합하고 있다.



(자료)인드라망생명공동체> 불교귀농학교 



 

저작자표시 (새창열림)
:

Permaculture diploma in Europe.

permaculture 2011. 11. 8. 18:15
링크 : http://permacultureinstitute.pbworks.com/w/page/15951484/DipEU

European Diploma in Permaculture

 

These are the various (but very similar) systems now being used to assess people for their permaculture diploma in Europe:

 

  1. European Diploma in Permaculture
    1. Slovakia and Czech Republic
    2. The Nordic Permaculture Institute
    3. France
    4. L'Université Populaire de Permaculture
    5. UK System
    6. Spain System
    7. Germany
    8. Others

 

 

Slovakia and Czech Republic

 

Process for getting Diplomas

 

The diploma is given to a person after fulfilling all required conditions. The purpose of the diploma is to spread permaculture on a professional level of designing and teaching. It is given on a specific “field” of permaculture for the done work and moral irreproachableness according to permaculture ethics.

It is given to a person who has been working intensively for a time of min. 2 years /after finishing the full design course (has a certificate)/ on spreading permaculture in a specific category (on a specific field). This person must be an active member of PK CS Association (paying 19 € per year) for a min. time of two years (also in a year that she/he asks for a diploma); he/she is reachable (staying in contact) and he/she actively works within Association.

 

 

Formal requirements

 

- an applicant must choose the appropriate category /field of permaculture work/ in which he/she applies for a diploma

- An applicant chooses a teacher, who is already a diploma holder, with whom helps the applicant works for a diploma for a time of min. 2 years. This teacher then defends the applicant in front of other active members of PK CS during convergence.

- Intensively works on a project in specific category; he makes reports, documentation (photos, designs) about the done work and adds information to a permaculture curriculum

- In a year when he/she applies for a diploma he/she sends a formal application to the Council of PK CS with a filled permaculture curriculum (personal information, finished courses, all the activities connected to permaculture and specific category). The application must be send min. 1 month before the convergence.

 

Documentation - 1 original (stays in the country where he applies for diploma) and 1 copy (copy goes to the other country). On a cover must be: name of a person, category (field of permaculture). The permaculture curriculum must be also a part of documentation. Documentation is a written document (evidence) proving the min. 2 years works in permaculture.

 

Defending the diploma

 

- the Council of PK CS accepts the application with PC curriculum and submit it at the closest convergence meeting

- an applicant must be present at the meeting

- an applicant can use different form of defending the project (DVD, PPP, maps, photos, 3D models etc.)

- his teacher gives a testimony that an applicant has fulfilled / has not fulfilled given requirements for the specific category and PC ethics

- other diploma holders present at the meeting can give their opinions about the applicant’s work and PC behaviour

- the present active members (who have right to vote) vote FOR/AGAINST the conceding the diploma for an applicant (they might / not have to/ give a reason for their opinion)

 

If the majority votes FOR the diploma: an applicant becomes the diploma holder. He is given the written certificate and the title written behind his surname Anna Konckova, DPD. Diploma holder fills in a questionnaire for the Book of designers.

After getting the diploma the person can – independently design, teach courses (after being at least 1 time a Learning teacher (a teacher at the course of other PC teacher with the praxis), present permaculture in front of public on all level of society

 

If majority votes AGINST: an applicant can apply for a diploma on the next convergence, on the European or International convergence, in other country that has academy.

 

The book of designers: has two part / a book of diploma holders, a book of PC project/

This book serves mostly for public as a document that helps to choose appropriate teacher for the PC course.

 

There are 12 categories for diploma + 13th category - a universal soldier. It is specific category combining other categories together, so the applicant can defend not just specific field of his work but whole life with permaculture / working in PK CS, working with public, designing, teaching et./

 

The Nordic Permaculture Institute

see "The Convergence Method" up at TonyDiplConvergence.doc

which is one of the 5 documents presented by Tony at IPC8

 

 

 

France

L'Université Populaire de Permaculture

 

Version française disponible au site de l'Université.

 

http://www.permaculturefrance.com

 

Diplôme de Permaculture ____

 

Using either a mentor from the Université or passing into the Compagnons de Permaculture apprenticeship scheme a student can continue from a Permaculture design course towards the Diplôme de Permaculture. This involves 2 years minimum work and the presentation at an accreditation event of their 'masterpiece°' and their syllabus/format they would use for leading a PDC. These events have at least 2 Diploma holders present and a group of Diploma students. They are organised by the Université who undertake to present these projects on its website. The Diploma pathway/mentoring and Compagnon system are free, a part of the "give away surplus" ethic of permaculture.

 

The areas for potential accrediation, given in the Designers manual are the ones used, with the addition of a category of "health and well-being", here a students work in developing Permauclture systems and designs dealing with health-care, body-use, childbirth, nutrition etc can be recognised.

 

The standard required:____

 

A Diploma holder will be capable of doing a complete design with schedule of implementation and maintenance and finance strategy. They will also be capable, even though they never may, of teaching and leading a 72 hr Permaculture Design Course, guiding a student through the 2 year Diploma process and assessing work for accreditation

 

The criteria____

 

Develop a structure with their tutor-designer for their subsequent 2 years of experiential learning.

 

Undertake 12 designs for different sites, preferentially for different climatic areas, these will not necessarily have been installed but demonstrate a capacity to produce professional designs.

 

Complete one major design in detail and undertake its installation, this might not be completed but will be well underway.

 

Make contributions to the promption and development of Permaculture in general, for example being active with local groups and projects, creating them where needed, undertaking work for the national Association or the Université. Site design works would also accompany this area.

 

So, in general a student will undertake many Permaculture orientated activities and learning, they will document the entire 2 year process accompanied where possible wth photographs, film, texts etc, they will, with the helpof their tutor-deigner organise their materials to best demonstrate their ability to design professionally, peresnt that design work clearly, lead a Design course, assess the work of others and become a tutor-designer.

 

 

Assessment __

 

For those who consider that they have sufficient experience and knowledge (and have completed a PDC+ a subsequent 6 months of project work) to shortcut the full Diploma scheme there is an assessment system where they can pre-present their work to at least 2 Diploma holders, should these decide that the required standard is shown said person can pass onto the next accreditation event.

 

Les Compagnons de Permaculture ____

 

This involves a Tour de France/world of Permaculture sites who agree to participate with the apprenticeship system and have a Diploma holder in residence who also has at least 5 years of practical project experience. The apprentice works out a Tour which will take them to the projects most relevant to their chosen areas of specialisation. After at least 2 years thay can present their masterpiece° and PDC format/syllabus to a normal accreditation event. The pathway can be worldwide, the Université will, in October 2008, be asking Designers to apply to become hosts and Compagnon masters to the Compagnon apprentices.

 

Accreditation events.____

 

These are organised by the Université and the Association, they follow a 72 hr design course and will be over 3 days with many other activities going on, time and space is given over to each presentation on the main stage. In August 2009 the event will be in the Burgundy area of France

 

 

°A masterpiece is a the work produced by an apprentice to show they have developed mastery of their chosen field, generally for the Diploma these will be a collection of apprenticepieces which are the works completed during the 2 years.

 

http://www.permaculturefrance.com

 

 

 

UK System

Diploma Work Net ... UK Association site:

http://www.permaculture.org.uk/mm.asp?mmfile=educationdiploma

CriteriaUKDiploma < put here in case they move again!

 

 

 

Spain System

 

There are two diploma-system 'nodes' available in Spain, both

adopting the CriteriaUKDiploma so far (here up in Spanish: http://institutodepermacultura.pbwiki.com/Diploma )

 

 

One is through Permacultura Montsant, with Richard Wade and Inez Sanchez, using the UK System.

 

 

The other is through Nodo Espiral of the Permaculture Academy, see TeachersPage (in spanish CI site) for people currently working together on this.

using a new system based on 'chaordic working' and aiming at getting the portafolios up on the web (what originated this pilot for the chaordic institute) in order to:

 

  1. more effectively share emerging knowledge base
  2. use the process and the materials of the portafolios for peer-learning (there can be private as well as public parts)
  3. in order to do peer-assessment more effectively (less need to travel, less administration)
  4. make diploma quality and standards transparent and easily verifiable for anyone
  5. make diplomats and their work more widely known and accessible to their world-wide colleague and the public in general
  6. assist in making a lot clearer to all what 'design' is about in practice, it´s process and methodology, as well as possible results

 

This method closely resembles the "The Convergence Method" up at TonyDiplConvergence.doc adopted by the Nordic Institute, using new technologies instead of (only) live convergences. One early prototype for such an 'electronic portafolio was the diploma work of Aranya and we are hoping they will become the norm in future, for all the above reasons.

 

One trial "designs book" for the action-learning students at Finca Luna is starting here: http://fincalunawiki.pbwiki.com/

And diploma students are expected to add links and documents with their profile page on the Spanish Ch Institute site (the profile page acting as an index page of their portafolio)

 

We don´t turn down anyone who wishes to submit their diploma in a different way, we just have to ensure we have the available resources for supporting the person's situation, so each candidate is assessed individually.

 

 

 

 

Germany

 

Description of German Diploma pathway

 

From 1984 until 2002, the Permaculture Association has offered the structure to become a permaculture designer with almost no administrative assistance. Since the founding of the Permaculture Academy in 2002, this basic concept has been extended twice: 1. according to the British system with the help of Andy Langford and the British Academy, 2. according to the work of the German Academy founder Jascha Rohr and a concept team in 2007, using pattern language as a design tool.        

 

 

 

Others

 

hopefully the EuropeAcademies group will encourage more contacts with other Nodes of the PC Academy in Europe

and then we can extend this list here

 

 

저작자표시 (새창열림)
:

유럽가는 길목과 유럽에 있는 공동체

permaculture 2011. 11. 7. 00:52

자료는 여기에서 http://cafe.naver.com/songpark/18

세계의 공동체 (共同體 community)

Community List

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유럽가는 길목과 유럽에 있는 공동체

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Auroville (Auroville, Tamil Nadu, India)

Website: http://www.auroville.org/

Contact:

PO Box 1534

Lodi, California 95241-1534 United States

Phone: 831-425-5620

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Phone: 920218291386

이란(Islamic Republic of Iran) : 없음

아르메니아(Armenia) : 없음

터키(Turkey) [3]

Dedetepe eco-farm (Canakkale, Turkey)  Website: http://www.dedetepe.com

Erkan 32 and Tamahine 28 bought the 3 acres of land 2 years ago and have recently created an eco-farm, which is an official ecological site registered with G.E.N Europe. The farm produces an...

Hocamkoy (Turkey)  Website: http://hocamkoy.metu.edu.tr/

Komun (istanbul, Turkey)

(An alternative life practice, in the name of equality, love and freedom. An idea of sharing the life's itself.) !!komun is disbanded!! komun is disbanded more than a year ago. for further info &...

불가리아(Bulgaria) : 없음

루마니아(Romania) [1]

Ecotopia Romania   Website: http://ecotopia.ngo.ro/

Contact:

Stanciova, Timis, 307347 Romania

Phone: +40-(0)256-330959

헝가리(Hungary) [1]

Gyurufu Project, The   Website: http://www.ecovillage.org/hungary/gyurufu/

We encourage comments from those who have first hand experience with a community so that others may benefit from your experience.

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Familien-Gemeinshaft Rat &Tat (A-3710 Frauendorf 76, Austria)

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Komaja  Website: http://www.komaja.org/

Contact:

Komaja Meditationsschule and Komaja Foundation

Mittelurmi

Gersau, Schwyz 6442 Switzerland

Phone: +41-(0)41-397-05-50, +41-(0)41-397-05-51

(Gersau, Switzerland), (Cologne, Germany), (Gottmadingen, Germany), (Vienna, Austria)

(Zagreb, Croatia), (Skopje, Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of)

(Ohrid, Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of), (Brighton, United Kingdom)

(Novi Beograd, Serbia and Montenegro), (Limerick, Ireland)

(Sliema, Malta), (HR Den Haag, Netherlands)

(Bowral, New South Wales, Australia), (Beverly, Massachusetts, United States)

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[독일]  Intentional Communities in Germany

antifascist urban commune berlin (Berlin, Germany)

* http://www.cyborgsociety.org/index.php?article_id=3&clang=1

* V.i.S.d.P.: Kai Plan, Straße der Pariser Kommune 3, 10243 Berlin

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프랑스(France) [18]

Amopie (France)

Communaute de L'Arche (Roqueredonde, France) Communaute du Chemin Neuf (France) Communaute du Pain de Vie (F-59300 Valenciennes, France)  Forming Courtiron Anabaptists (Marcon, France)  Forming Dharma House Community Project (France)  Forming Emmanuel (France) Folleterre (Ternuay, Vosges, France)  Forming La Sorga (CAMPAGNE, Aquitaine, France) PROJETORGONE (Neuilly sur marne, France)  Forming Shakty (Limoux, France, France)

Taize Community (Taize, France) 떼제공동체,

Website: http://www.taize.fr/en

Contact:

Taize, 71250 France

Phone: +33-(0)385-50-30-30, +33-(0)385-50-30-02

TRINITY Christian PRIORY (Welkom, South Africa) (Spain) (Argentina) (Vera Cruz, Mexico) (Heartsong Hermitage, Virginia, United States) (Uppsala, Sweden) (Crawley, United Kingdom) (Bebra, Germany) (RENNES, France) (Chicago, Dallas, Texas, United States) (Institutsuperieurdetheologiesaintthomas theologie, Congo) (PARIS, France) (Selignac, France) (30580 Fontareches, France) Twelve Tribes Communaute de Heimsbrunn (Heimsbrunn, France) Twelve Tribes Communaute de Sus (64190 Sus-Navarrenx, France)

영국(United Kingdom) [108]

Church Communities UK

1) Darvell Community

Brightling Road

Robertsbridge, E Sussex TN32 5DR

Tel: +44 (0)1580-883-300

Fax: +44 (0)1580-883-317

2) Beech Grove Community

Sandwich Road

Nonington, Dover, Kent CT15 4HH

Tel: +44 (0)1304-842-980

영국의 브르도흐 공동체,

9/11-Truthers (South West Scotland, United Kingdom)

Anarres Ecovillage (Northampton, United Kingdom)  Forming Antonia Village (Devon or Cornwall, United Kingdom)  Forming Ashram Community (Sheffield 54 7AY, England, United Kingdom) Assemblies House Church (Australia) (UK, United Kingdom) (United States) The Barn retreat (Totnes, Devon, United Kingdom) Beannachar Camphill Community (Aberdeen AB12 5YL, United Kingdom) Beech Grove (Nonington, Kent, United Kingdom) Beech Hill Community (Devon EX17 6RF, England, United Kingdom) Birchwood Hall Community (Worcs WR13 5EZ, England, United Kingdom) Braziers Park (WALLINGFORD, United Kingdom) Camphill Communities in Britain and Ireland, Association of (England, United Kingdom) Camphill Village, Newton Dee (Aberdeen AB15 9DX, Scotland, United Kingdom) Canon Frome Court Community (Ledbury, Herefordshire, United Kingdom) Centre for Alternative Technology - CAT (Powys, Wales, United Kingdom) Chicken Shack Housing Cooperative (Gwynedd LL36 9NH, Wales, Wales/ Cymru, United Kingdom) Clanabogan Camphill Community (Co Tyrone BT78 1TJ, N. Ireland, United Kingdom) Clavan (Montrose, United Kingdom)  Forming Clays Lane Co-Operative (London, England, United Kingdom) CoFlats Stroud (Stroud, United Kingdom)  Forming Cohousing 2000 (Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom)  Forming Cohousing Bristol (Bristol, England, United Kingdom)  Forming Colne Valley Cohousing Project (West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom) Columbanus Community of Reconcillation (Belfast, N. Ireland, United Kingdom) Common spirit adventurers (United Kingdom)  Forming Community Forming (England) (King's Somborne SO20 6NY, United Kingdom) The Community Project (Lewes, England, United Kingdom) Corani Housing and Land Co-op (Leicester LE2 1FA, England, United Kingdom) Cornerstone Housing Cooperative (W Yorkshire, United Kingdom) (Leeds, United Kingdom) Couple Seeking Therapeutic Community UK (Brentwood, Essex, United Kingdom)  Forming Darvell (Robertsbridge, East Sussex, United Kingdom) Drumshire (Scotland, United Kingdom)  Forming Earth Heart Cohousing (Atlow, Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom) Earthworm Housing Co-op (Shropshire SH7 0LH, England, United Kingdom) Ecovillage Network UK (Bristol BS99 3JP, England, United Kingdom) Enlinca (Cambridge, United Kingdom)  Forming Findhorn Foundation and Community (Findhorn, Scotland, United Kingdom) Fox Housing Cooperative (Carmarthen Dyfed SA32 8NE, Wales, United Kingdom)  Re-Forming Frankleigh Co-Flats (Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom) free natural localist communist community (wild land south of haywards heath, sussex, United Kingdom)  Forming The Grail Community (Middx HA5 3ER, England, United Kingdom) Grimstone Community (Devon, England, United Kingdom) Gwerin Housing Association (W Midlands DY8 1RD, England, United Kingdom) Harrow Ashram (London, United Kingdom) Hengrave Community of Reconciliation (Suffolk, England, United Kingdom) Hockerton Housing Project (Southwell, United Kingdom) The Homestar Community (Borders near eastern coast, Scotland, United Kingdom)  Forming Iona Community (Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom) Isle of Erraid (Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom) Jesus Christians (Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) (Los Angeles, California, United States) (London, United Kingdom) (Nairobi, Kenya)

스페인(Spein) [15]

Can MasDeu (Barcelona, Spain)

Community of the Twelve Tribes in Pravia (Pravia, Asturias, Spain) El Bloque (E-03530 La Nucia, Spain) El Semillero (E-28816 Valdeavero Madrid, Spain)  Forming "Falcon Blanco" Relating to Life - The Art of Living (Ibiza, Balearen, Spain) Finca Luna (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)  Forming The Jewel: Crafting, Educational, Permaculture, Profitable (Tarifa, Spain)  Forming New Natives (Mahon, Minorca, Balearic Islands, Spain)  Forming New spiritual intentional community (Spain)  Forming One Straw Revolution (Spain)  Forming

TRINITY Christian PRIORY

Website: http://netministries.org/see/churches.exe/ch26663

Contact:

RT REV Dr John de B

Trinity Priory, South Africa

(Welkom, South Africa) (Spain) (Argentina) (Vera Cruz, Mexico) (Heartsong Hermitage, Virginia, United States) (Uppsala, Sweden) (Crawley, United Kingdom) (Bebra, Germany) (RENNES, France) (Chicago, Dallas, Texas, United States) (Institutsuperieurdetheologiesaintthomas theologie, Congo) (PARIS, France) (Selignac, France) (30580 Fontareches, France)

Twelve Tribes Community in Irun (Irun, Spain) Twelve Tribes Community in San Sebastian (San Sebastian, Spain) Valle de Sensaciones (Alpujarras, Granada, Spain) Walden Community (Madrid, Spain)

스위스(Swiss - Switzerland) [4]

Center of Unity Schweibenalp (Switzerland)

Ex-Truth / Ex-Namenlose (Switzerland)

W h a t is the sense of life? Dear visitors We would like to address everyone who asks themselves honestly what is the sense of life. For what do you live at all? What will be after...

Komaja (Gersau, Switzerland)

(Cologne, Germany)

(Gottmadingen, Germany)

(Vienna, Austria)

(Zagreb, Croatia)

(Skopje, Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of)

(Ohrid, Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of)

(Brighton, United Kingdom)

(Novi Beograd, Serbia and Montenegro)

(Limerick, Ireland)

(Sliema, Malta)

(HR Den Haag, Netherlands)

(Bowral, New South Wales, Australia)

(Beverly, Massachusetts, United States)

“Komaja” means “Radiant Love.” It describes a spiritual-philosophical system as well as an international spiritual community founded in 1978 by the well-known tantric master Aba Aziz Makaja. Komaja...

Zentrum Waldegg (CH-3823 Wengen, Switzerland)

Our Vision: An experimental community where people can learn to balance their four dimensional health needs and integrate these needs into their personal growth, evolution, and everyday life. A...

이스라엘(Israel) [13]

(A)moria (Moshav Nir Moshe, Israel)

Hakibbutz Hadati (Israel) Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed - Tnuat Habogrim (Adult movement) (Kibbutz Ravid, Israel)  Forming International Communes Desk (ICD) (Israel) Kibbutz Ketura (IL-88840 DN Eilot, Israel) Kibbutz Lotan (Southern Arava, Israel) Kibbutz Migvan (Sderot, Israel) The Kibbutz Movement (Israel) Kibbutz Neot Semadar (IL-88860 DN Eilot, Israel) Kibbutz Tamuz (Beit Shemesh, Israel) Kvutsat Yovel (Migdal Ha'Emek, Israel) Ma'agal Hakvutzot (Nationwide, Israel) Neve Shalom - Wahat al-Salam (Oasis of Peace) (Doar Na Shimshon, Israel) (Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, 12925 Riverside Drive, 3rd Floor, United States)

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